（二）思维模式的差异
思维方式不同
中国人的思维方式以直觉、感性为主，是间接型的“螺旋式”思维模式；而西方人的思维方式以分析、逻辑为主，属于直接型的“直线式”思维模式。在英语写作中，这种思维模式的差异表现得很明显。例如，在阐述观点时，中国学生可能会先铺垫很多背景知识，绕了一个圈子才切入主题，而英语的表达习惯更倾向于开门见山。在描述事件时，汉语可能会从整体到局部，从大的环境到具体的事物，而英语往往是从具体到整体。这种思维模式的差异会导致大学生在英语表达中出现中式英语，因为他们会不自觉地按照汉语的思维模式来组织英语句子和段落3。
表达中心不同
汉语讲究意合，习惯以人为表达中心；而英语注重形合，常用无生命的名词做主语，以客观地强调事物或现象对人的作用或影响。比如，汉语中会说“我很感谢你”，很多大学生会直接翻译为“I thank you very much”，而更符合英语习惯的表达是“Thank you very much”或者“I'm very grateful to you”。这种以人为主语的表达习惯在大学生的英语表达中较为常见，是受到汉语思维模式影响而产生的中式英语现象3。
（三）英语学习中文化元素的缺失
文化背景知识缺乏
中国学习者由于受汉语思维的影响，加上对英语国家的社会文化传统缺乏了解，或对西方交际方式的不熟悉，倾向于从中国的文化角度去审视英语国家文化，并习惯性地用中式的母语习惯来表达自己的思想。例如，在中国文化中，“龙”是吉祥、权威的象征，而在西方文化中，“dragon”往往被视为邪恶、凶猛的象征。如果不了解这种文化差异，在英语表达中可能会出现误解。又如，在英语中“green hand”表示“新手”，这一表达源于英国的航海文化，而中国学生如果不了解这一文化背景，可能会按照字面意思去翻译相关概念，从而产生中式英语1。
文化内涵理解不足
许多英语词汇和短语都蕴含着丰富的文化内涵，这些内涵与汉语中的对应概念可能有很大差异。例如，“privacy”这个词在英语中有很强的个人空间、隐私的含义，而在中国文化中，个人隐私的概念相对较弱。大学生如果没有深入理解这些英语词汇背后的文化内涵，在使用这些词汇时就容易出现中式英语表达。比如，可能会错误地理解或使用涉及到隐私相关的英语表达，从而影响交流的准确性和流畅性。

（一）科技发展主题
范文 With the rapid development of science and technology, our lives have been changed significantly. In the field of communication, the emergence of smart phones has made our communication more convenient. We can use various applications on our phones to contact with people around the world instantly. For example, through WeChat or WhatsApp, we can send text messages, voice messages, and even make video calls for free. In addition, the development of the Internet has also made it possible for us to obtain a large amount of information at any time. We can search for knowledge, news, and entertainment content on search engines like Google or Baidu. In the transportation area, high - speed trains and self - driving cars are two remarkable achievements. High - speed trains have greatly shortened the travel time between cities. For instance, in China, the high - speed rail network has enabled people to travel from one city to another in a very short time. Self - driving cars are also on the verge of becoming a reality. They are expected to improve traffic safety and efficiency by using advanced sensors and algorithms. However, the development of technology also brings some problems. For example, the over - reliance on electronic devices may lead to a decline in people's face - to - face communication skills. And the development of artificial intelligence may cause some people to worry about the future of employment. In conclusion, while enjoying the convenience brought by technological development, we should also pay attention to the problems it brings and try to find solutions.

（二）文化交流主题
范文 Cultural exchange is an important part of globalization. It not only enriches our own culture but also promotes understanding and friendship between different countries. One of the main forms of cultural exchange is through international students. When international students study in a foreign country, they bring their own culture to the host country. For example, Chinese students studying in the United States can introduce Chinese traditional culture such as calligraphy, martial arts, and Chinese cuisine to American students. At the same time, they also learn about American culture, such as its music, movies, and lifestyle. Another form is cultural tourism. Tourists can experience different cultures when they travel to other countries. They can visit historical sites, participate in local festivals, and taste local food. For instance, when a European tourist visits India, he can visit the Taj Mahal, experience the Holi Festival, and taste Indian curry. In addition, cultural exchange can also be carried out through cultural events such as art exhibitions, music concerts, and film festivals. These events can attract people from different countries to participate and promote cultural exchanges. However, cultural exchange also faces some challenges. One of the challenges is cultural misunderstanding. Due to differences in cultural backgrounds, some behaviors or concepts may be misinterpreted. For example, in some Western cultures, being punctual is highly valued, while in some Asian cultures, a certain degree of flexibility in time may be acceptable. In conclusion, cultural exchange is of great significance. We should actively promote cultural exchange and try to overcome the challenges it faces.